And even as we place the authority to regulate these large firms in the hands of the Federal Reserve — so that lines of responsibility and accountability are clear — we will also create an oversight council to bring together regulators from across markets to coordinate and share information, to identify gaps in regulation, and to tackle issues that don’t fit neatly into an organizational chart. We’re going to bring everyone together to take a broader view — and a longer view — to solve problems in oversight before they can become crises.
As part of this effort we’re proposing the creation of what’s called “resolution authority” for large and interconnected financial firms so that we’re not only putting in place safeguards to prevent the failure of these firms, but also a set of orderly procedures that will allow us to protect the economy if such a firm does in fact go underwater.
Think about this: If a bank fails, we have a process through the FDIC that protects depositors and maintains confidence in the banking system. This process was created during the Great Depression when the failure of one bank led to runs on other banks, which in turn threatened wider turmoil. And it works. Yet we don’t have any effective system in place to contain the failure of an AIG, or the largest and most interconnected financial firms in our country.
And that’s why, when this crisis began, crucial decisions about what would happen to some of the world’s biggest companies — companies employing tens of thousands of people and holding trillions of dollars in assets — took place in emergency meetings in the middle of the night. And that’s why we’ve had to rely on taxpayer dollars. We should not be forced to choose between allowing a company to fall into a rapid and chaotic dissolution, or to support the company with taxpayer money. That’s an unacceptable choice. There’s too much at stake, and we’re going to change it.
Second, we’re proposing a new and powerful agency charged with just one job: looking out for ordinary consumers. And this is essential, for this crisis was not just the result of decisions made by the mightiest of financial firms; it was also the result of decisions made by ordinary Americans to open credit cards and take out home loans and take on other financial obligations. We know that there were many who took out loans they knew they couldn’t afford, but there were also millions of Americans who signed contracts they didn’t always understand offered by lenders who didn’t always tell the truth. Even today, folks sign up for mortgages or student loans or credit cards and face a bewildering array of incomprehensible options. Companies compete not by offering better products, but more complicated ones, with more fine print and more hidden terms.