Blacks Lag in Retirement Savings

African Americans save far less each month and have considerably smaller nest eggs than their white counterparts, according to a recent survey.

The 11th annual Ariel/Schwab Black Investor Survey, sponsored by Ariel Investments L.L.C. and the Charles Schwab Corp., found that saving for retirement does not resonate in the same way for blacks as it does among whites.

“Everything we’ve seen from the report shows that our interest is high, but our actions are not comparable,” says Lisa Toppin, vice president of employee development and inclusion at Charles Schwab & Co.
The purpose of the report was to identify the similarities and differences between whites and blacks with regard to saving and investing, and assess shifts in attitudes and behavior over time.

The median monthly amount that blacks contribute to their 401(k) plan is $169, compared with whites, who contribute about 50% more, or $249 each month. As a result of the differing contribution amounts, the median total household savings for retirement reported by black respondents is $53,000, in contrast to whites at $114,000.

Also, this year’s survey, in which 503 blacks and 506 whites were queried, found that for many younger blacks, saving for retirement is not a high priority. When asked about their most important goal for saving and investing, 41% of blacks said retirement, compared with 55% of whites. In 2007, the survey asked a slightly different version of the question, querying respondents about their biggest worry. Fifty-nine percent of blacks cited retirement, compared with 71% of whites.

“If you don’t grow up in a home where stocks are discussed then you are learning while doing,” says Mellody Hobson, president of Ariel Investments L.L.C. . “We must teach the history of the market and that despite crashes the stock market has outperformed all investments even real estate and bonds.”
About 45% of

blacks under the age of 50 (compared with 26% of whites) say they want to retire by age 60. Among those older than 50, however, reality has set in: a far smaller group, 24%, of blacks and 9% of whites still plan to retire by age 60.

“Many blacks place a high value on sending the children to college but don’t plan for retirement,” says Toppin. “They have an idea about when they would like to retire, but they don’t take the steps they need. It is a competition between intention and reality.”

“The problem is that people don’t start saving for retirement early enough,” says Mellody Hobson, president of Ariel Investments L.L.C. “This is lifelong task, not something you start in middle age. The earlier people understand this, the better their chances of achieving their dreams.”

One area where both blacks and whites had a similar response was in reference to cashing out all or part of assets from a defined contribution plan, such as 401(k), permanently and with a penalty. Thirty percent of blacks said they had, while 28% of whites said they had.

About two-thirds of African Americans (compared with about half of whites) say they would increase contributions to their retirement plan if employers provided access to financial advisers, seminars about retirement investing, and/or education about the features of the plan.

“Employees want and need help with retirement investing, and employers have an opportunity to make a real difference,” said Toppin. “For employers who want to make a real difference in the financial futures of their employees, today’s turbulent market environment is a time to provide the information that many Americans so desperately need in order to finance their retirements.”

In 2007, blacks were investing in the stock market at the same level as they were 10 years ago at the inception

of the survey, at a low of 57% (compared with a high of 74% in 2002). Investing by whites was at 76% last year. This year, blacks were participating in the stock market at 62%, compared with 82% for whites.

While overall stock ownership among blacks continues to lag, the historical preference for real estate among blacks is at historic lows. This year, just 39% of blacks said real estate was the “best investment overall” compared with 37% of blacks who picked stocks or mutual funds, according to the survey. Among whites, just 28% chose real estate compared with 55% who chose stocks and mutual funds. In 2004, at the height of the real estate bubble, 61% of blacks and 51% of whites said it was the best investment overall.

To download the 2008 Ariel/Schwab Black Investor Survey and to see highlights from previous surveys, visit www.arielinvestments.com or www.aboutschwab.com.